Microscope



W. MAISCH MICROSCOPE Feb. 7, 1939.

Filed Nov. 14, 1936 Patented 7 1939 I UNl'lED STATES- PATENT OFFICE MICROSCOPE Wilhelm Malscln Wetzlar, Germany, assignor to Ernst Leitz, G. m. b. H., Wetzlar,'Germany Application November 14, 1936, Serial No. 110,861 In Germany December 21, 1935 6 Claims. (Cl. sa -39) The object of this invention is to provide a v downwardly reflecting transparent member ingenerally improved microscope embodying cerdicated at 50, the purpose of which will be extain novel features respecting the placing of the plained later. illuminating means and the general arrangement The pillar 8 supports the stage M by means of parts whereby to provide a microscope which of a bracket l5 which may be adjusted as usual is more convenient to operate and use and in by a coarse and line adjustment operated by the which several types'or kinds of illumination may knobs l6 and I1 respectively. The adjustments be employed for specific purposes. are operable from both sides of the microscope One object of the invention is to provide a-mias shown in Figure 2. 10 cro'scope in which the coarse and flne adjust- An object on the stage It may be illuminated u ments are located below the stage and so. arselectively in several diiferent ways. For these ranged that they may be conveniently manipu-' purposes there is mounted centrally of the pillar lated without hindrance by other parts. Another 8 in the lower part thereof a rotatable reflecting object is to provide a microscope support which mirror It upon a shaft it having an outside 5 is hollow and in which the lamps and lens sysknob 20. In optical alinement with said mirror tems are supported in a manner to prevent the the front foot 5 carries another reflecting mirror light rays from striking the eyes of the operator 2| and a lens' 22 in the optical axis of the microand in which these parts are conveniently Operscope tube. Below the stage It is supported a able from the outside. Another object is to prosubstage 23 with a lens 24. v vide certain exchangeable units so that outside The right microscope foot i-supports a fixed illuminating sources may be used. Still another blue glass screen 25 and a tube 28 having an elecobject is to provide one or more lamps within the trio lamp 21. The latter and the screen are in hollow microscope support together with means optical alinement with the center of the rotatwhereby .all or only a portion of such illuminaable mirror It. The" left microscope foot 'I sup- 25 tion may be used. 1 l ports a rotatable tube 28 which on theoutside With the above and other ancillary objects in of the microscope carries a swingable mirror 29. view, all of which will be referred to hereinafter. The pillar 8 supports an electric lamp 30 mountthe invention is embodied ina microscope ared in a detachable tube 3|. Between the lamp ranged and constructed as'hereinafter set forth 30 and the rotatable mirror I! there is mounted 30 and as illustrated in the accompanying drawing a condenser'lens 32. Above the'lamp there is a in which p v mounted another condenser .lens 33 and a mirror Fig. 1 is a side view of themicroscope with 34. As shown in the drawing the parts 34, II, 3|, parts in section and parts broken away, the sec- 32 and is are in verticaloptical alinement. The tion being taken substantially on line l--l' of lamp tubell is provided with a rotatable screen Figure 2. I II which is adjusted by rotating the tube. The a Fig. 2 is a plan view of the microscope. pillar 8 supports a lining member or shell 40 Fig. 3 is a detail view illustrating a rotatable spaced from the pillar. The shell is perforated eye piece carrier which may be used with the and provides ventilation for the pillar, the heat i op n Figure from the lamp escaping through openings in the Figriis a detail sectional view taken substanshell and through the ventilation opening I in a 40 tially on line 4-4 of Figure 2 and showing the a the top of tht' pillar. The shell 48 is apertured exchangeable unit forusing an outside source of as at 31 so that light may be reflected forwardly illumination. This flgure is a rear view. into the lenses I! in thenose' piece I R f rr t the d aw t m ros p sun- The above described elements may be operated port onstand is a hollow casting forming a forto illuminate the object on the stage in several a ward foot 5, a right foot 6 and a left-foot l as diiferent ways. If the screen be moved under- 7 the microscope is viewed from the right in Figneath the lamp 3| the object will be illuminated ure 2 where the operator stands. The hollow from above, the light rays passing from the lamp feet merge into the centrally and rearwardly disll upwards through the condenser 33 to the mir- 5o posed vertical hollow pillar I which in turn forms r01 34 and thence to the reflector II in the nose an overhanging arm 8 for the support of the piece ll downw'ardsto the object. or the screen objective, tube ill in the usual manner. A nose -may be placed above the lamp SI and the object piece II with objective may be attached to the will then be illuminated from below. the light objective tube and may include an extension I: rays passing fromthe lamp downwards through 5 withasuitabielenssystemindicatedatlianda. the condenser 32 and thence to the mirrors ll luminated from above from the lamp 30 as aforesaid. Of course it is possible to cut out the lamp altogether and illuminate the object only by reflected daylight from below; Again, the object may be illuminated from above by the lamp 3% and at the same time'be illuminated from below with artificial daylight from the other lamp 2? from which the rays pass through the blue screen 26 before being reflected by the mirrors i8 and M. The tube 3! and lamp 30 may be removed sideways, to the right of the pillar, and a rotatable fltting 38 with a condenser lens 39 and a mirror to, see Figure 4, maybe substituted. Then an outside source of light, for instance an are light not shown, may be used. The rays from such a source will be reflected upwardly or downwardly by the mirror 40 depending upon its position when the tube 38 is attached to the pillar. 5 In Figure 3, .the nose piece H has been removedandreplaced with a revolving nose piece carrier ll with lens 42 and which supports several objectives 43, 48. These latter are so positioned that the objectives which are not in use are moved rearwardly of the microscope tube ID as *shown. d From the foregoing description it will be observed that all the parts 'of the microscope which are to be manipulated one time or another by the operator are all located in front of the operator but to the rear of the stage and objective tube thereby leaving these latter elements free from obstruction of any kind and in full view. The coarse and fine adjustment knobs are easily and quickly reached there being no elementsto,

obstruct or obscure. Similarly the operator may conveniently select the type of illumination desired and by very simple adjustments position the parts accordingly.

I claim:-

1. A microscope including a stage and a device, for reflecting light rays downwardly upon the stage, an electric lamp, means for reflecting light rays from said lamp to the said reflecting device to illuminate an object on the stage from above, means for reflecting lightrays from the lamp to illuminate an object onthe stage from below,

including a rotatable mirror interposed between the lamp and the stage, a second electric lamp and a blue screen in'cooperative relation with said movable'mirror for illuminating the object from below with artificial daylight in place of the aforesaid illumination from the first lamp and together with or exclusive of the'aforesaid illumination from above and a hollow microscope stand enclosing and supporting the said two lamps and the said reflecting means and screen,

said hollow stand formingchannels for the passage of the said reflected light rays.

2. A microscope of the character described. including a body formed to provide a hollow base having a vertically directed light opening, a hollow standard communicating with and supported by said base, said standard being provided with a forwardly directed light opening, a stage carried by said standard above the first named opening, light directing means carried by the standard above the stage and alined with the second opening, a clear lamp supported within the standard between said openings, a lamp for producing artificial daylight supported within the standard beneath and laterally spaced from the clear lamp, and a movably supported reflecting means carried by the body so as to be placed in optical alinement with either of said lamps, whereby the stage may be selectively illuminated from above and below by the clear lamp or from below by the second lamp. I

3. A microscope in accordance with claim 2, in which a movable light screen is supported within the standard adjacent-the clear lamp for selectively preventing the passage of light therefrom through -either of said openings.

4. A microscope of the character described including a hollow body formed to provide a base, a standard extending vertically from the base, a stage carried by the standard, said base having a vertically disposed opening in optical alinement with the stage anda pair 'of horizontally opposed alined openings spaced from said vertical opening, a light directing member supported by the base adjacent said vertical opening, a lamp for producing artificial daylight disposed in one of the horizontal openingspa light refleeting element movably supported adjacent the other of said horizontal openings, and a movably supported reflecting means carried by the'base between the lamp and the reflecting element so T as to be placed in optical alinement with either the lamp or the reflecting elementwvhereby to selectively illuminate the stage with light from either the lamp or the said light reflecting element. i i I 5. -A microscope of the character described including a hollow stand formed to provide a T- shaped base and a communicating hollow standard arising vertically from the base each of the arms of the base having a light admitting opening in its outer free end, a stage carried by said standard, an opening in the latter for the passage of light from either of the said two light admitting openings -to the stage and means within said hollow stand for receiving light rays from either one of the said two light admitting openingsand directing the same through the said opening in the standard towards .the stage whereby to illuminate an object carried by the latter.

h 6. A microscope in accordance with claim 5, inv

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